The CISA, FBI and Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) collaborated to create a document guideline for organizations to defend against DDoS attacks. As DDoS attacks can be a challenge to trace and block, the vector is often leveraged by hacktivists, nation-state groups and other politically motivated actors. Therefore, government websites are common targets.
The guideline emphasized three notable forms of DDoS attacks that the public sector should prepare for: