The global pandemic has caused a shift in the connectivity of everything and increased the risk of severe data breaches and cyberattacks. Two years later, in the present day, the world has never been closer to the brink of an all-out cyberwar. What does that mean for businesses, nation-states, and information security leaders?

Cyber warfare is defined by nation-states or groups targeting information systems with the intent to cause disruption or damage. In contrast, cyber espionage is the act of gathering intelligence or spying on adversaries with the use of computer systems and information technology. The internet and the 4th Industrial Revolution have opened doors for these two critical conflict factors to sprawl.