The glass ceiling extends even over white collar criminals, it seems: women typically hold inferior positions to men in the criminal conspiracies in which they are engaged, rarely lead a fraud ring and make significantly less money from their misdeeds than their male accomplices.
According to sociologist Darrel J. Steffensmeier of Pennsylvania State University, “Paralleling gendered labor market segmentation…sex segregation in corporate criminality is pervasive, suggesting only subtle shifts in gender socialization and women’s opportunities for significant white-collar crimes,’ he writes with his research colleagues in the journal American Sociological Review.